The three core science subjects in high school—Physics, Chemistry, and Biology—are key courses for most students aiming for university entry. Unlike the introductory knowledge at junior high, senior high school science is a major step up: concepts go deeper, experiments are more demanding, and exams are more flexible. Here’s a clear breakdown of each subject’s core features and study strategies.
⚡ Physics
Features: Covers mechanics (motion, energy conservation), electricity (electric fields, circuits), waves (sound and light), and thermodynamics. Emphasizes mathematical modeling and logical reasoning. Experimental questions focus heavily on error analysis and graph interpretation.
Challenges: Numerous formulas that can be confusing, multi-step calculations, and integrated reasoning required for graph-based and experimental questions.
Tips: Build a solid math foundation; create a “formula logic map” for each chapter; practice cross-topic questions; train specifically on graph analysis and error calculations.
🧪 Chemistry
Features: Includes inorganic chemistry (acids and bases, salts, periodic trends), physical chemistry (equilibrium, thermochemistry, kinetics), and organic chemistry (hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, etc.). Requires both understanding reaction principles and mastering experimental observations and calculations.
Challenges: Complex pH, equilibrium constant, and thermochemistry calculations; large memory load for organic reactions; integrated questions often span multiple modules.
Tips: Use tables or mind maps to organize reaction conditions and patterns; connect organic reactions with “pathway maps” for products; memorize experimental details; practice questions combining quantitative and qualitative analysis.
🌿 Biology
Features: Covers cells, genetics, ecology, human physiology, evolution, and biotechnology. Exams frequently use real-world cases and data charts, requiring understanding of how concepts interconnect.
Challenges: Broad and scattered content; genetics, respiration, and photosynthesis have complex logic; scenario-based questions require quick data interpretation and pattern recognition.
Tips: Use flowcharts to organize complex processes (e.g., photosynthesis → respiration → energy transformation); understand the link between DNA and protein synthesis; practice scenario-based questions and review common misconceptions.
University Pathway Insights
- Medicine / Life Sciences: Chemistry + Biology are essential.
- Engineering / Physical Sciences: Physics + Chemistry are prioritized.
- Mathematics / Computer Science: Physics develops logical and modeling skills; math foundation is critical.
- Undecided: Taking all three sciences keeps maximum flexibility, allowing specialization later.